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Annotated Output | Independent Samples t Test
Computer Output
The table of descriptive statistics provides the baseline information.
The values of the group statistics are calculated separately for each level or condition. They are not identical to the values obtained from analyzing the variable as a whole.
The table of inferential statistics shows the key elements to be interpreted.
With “statistic”, t = -2.309 and p = .060. This would not be considered a statistically significant finding.
Using the “Confidence Interval”, the researcher concludes that the true population mean difference is somewhere between -8.238 and -0.238 (knowing that the estimate could be wrong).
Here, “Cohen’s d” equals -1.633. Given Cohen’s heuristics for interpreting effect sizes, this would be considered an extremely large effect.
APA Style
For this analysis, the emphasis is on comparing the means from two groups. Here again the summary and the inferential statistics focus on the difference.
An independent samples t test showed that the difference in Outcome scores between the first group (n = 4, M = 4.00, SD = 2.45) and the second group (n = 3, M = 6.00, SD = 2.45) was large but not statistically significant, t(6) = -2.31, p = .060, 95% CI [-8.24, 0.24], d = -1.63.
Alternatively, the means, standard deviations, and confidence intervals could be presented in a table or figure associated with this text.