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Annotated Output | Standardized Scores

Computer Output

The descriptive statistics can be used to assist in calculating the standardized scores.

> length(Outcome)
[1] 8
> mean(Outcome)
[1] 4
> var(Outcome)
[1] 9.714286
> sd(Outcome)
[1] 3.116775

The values of the descriptives statistics are identical to the values that would be provided by the “Descriptives” procedure.

APA Style

Standardized scores are typically NOT presented in the summary of the data. Rather, they are often a first step in the calculations. As such, APA style is not presented here.